111 Baba Saheb Ambedkar

Born:  14th April 1891

Birthplace:  Mhow in Madhya Pradesh

Qualification: earned a Doctorate in Economics from Columbia University.

Designation: Was Law and Justice Minster in the first cabinet of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

Contribution: Headed the committee drafting the Indian Constitution.

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Q1. what was Ambedkar's surname in school?

Ans- His original surname was Sakpal but his father registered his name as Ambadawekar in school, meaning he comes from his native village 'Ambadawe' in Ratnagiri district [MP]

Q2. Who changed his surname?

Ans- His Marathi Brahmin teacher, Krishnaji Keshav Ambedkar, changed his surname from 'Ambadawekar' to his own surname 'Ambedkar' in school records.

.Q3. For the defense of Dalit rights, which periodicals he started?

Ans- For the defense of Dalit rights, he started many periodicals like Mook Nayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, and Equality Janta.

Q4. What was his role with the Simon Commission?

Ans- He was appointed to the Bombay Presidency Committee to work with the all-European Simon Commission in 1925.

Q5. What did he do to promote education for depressed classes?

Ans-  The first organized attempt was his establishment of the central institution Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha, intended to promote education and socio-economic improvement, as well as the welfare of depressed classes.

Q6. When did he decide to launch active movements against untouchability?

Ans- By 1927, Ambedkar had decided to launch active movements against untouchability. He began with public movements and marches to open up public drinking water resources. He also began a struggle for the right to enter Hindu temples. He led a satyagraha in Mahad to fight for the right of the untouchable community to draw water from the main water tank of the town.

Q7. What was his Kalaram Temple movement?

Ans- In 1930, Ambedkar launched the Kalaram Temple movement after three months of preparation. About 15,000 volunteers assembled at Kalaram Temple satygraha making one of the greatest processions of Nashik. The procession was headed by a military band and a batch of scouts; women and men walked with discipline, order and determination to see the god for the first time. When they reached the gates, the gates were closed by Brahmin authorities.

Q.8. How many languages did he know?

Ans- Nine [9] languages.

Q.9. Which of his books played a major role in the creation of the Reserve Bank of India?

Ans - Dr. Ambedkar was an avid reader. He amassed a massive library and read extensively. His book " The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and its Solution," played a major role in the creation of RBI.

Q.10. What did he do after completing his education?

Ans- In 1935, Ambedkar was appointed principal of the Government Law College, Bombay, a position he held for two years. 

b]. In 1936, Ambedkar founded the Independent Labour Party, which contested the 1937 Bombay election to the Central Legislative Assembly for the 13 reserved and 4 general seats and secured 11 and 3 seats respectively.

c]. He also served as the chairman of the Governing body of Ramjas College, University of Delhi, after the death of its Founder Shri Rai Kedarnath.^[52] Settling in Bombay (today called Mumbai), 

d]. Ambedkar oversaw the construction of a house and stocked his personal library with more than 50,000 books.

e]. He was the first Law and Justice Minister of Independent India. He served in the first Nehru ministry during 1947-52.

Q.11. Which of his agreements gave Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes reserved seats for the depressed classes in the Provisional legislatures within the general electorate.

Ans- The Poona Pact. 

Q.12. What was the Poona Pact?

Ans- The Poona Pact was an agreement between the Hindus and the 

Depressed classes, now known as scheduled castes. It was signed by Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of the Hindus and by Dr. Ambedkar on behalf of the backward classes on Sep. 24, 1932, at Yerwada Central Jail in Poona.

                                 This Pact introduced a unique two-tier electro system. altering the dynamics of elections both in provincial and central legislatures. It was proposed by the British Government under the Communal Award to divide and rule.

Gandhiji opposed it and did not sign it. However, it was his son Devas Gandhi who signed it.

Q.13 He was honored with the highest Buddhist title. What was that?

Ans - 'Bodhisattva'.  

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